In the book that Rich Gerber and I wrote on Intel's Hyper-Threading Technology, we present a revised version of Amdahl's Law that reflects the constraints of Hyper-Threading Technology. There was an error in that equation that was recently reported by Gang Chen of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The corrected formula is:
Speedup = 1 / (S + (1-S)/(0.67n) + Hn)
where S = sequential time, n = number of logical processors, H = overhead.
Clay Breshears of Intel was kind enough to double-check the revision. Ignoring overhead, if a program is 99% parallelized on a Hyper-Threading chip with two logical processors, the speedup is:
Speedup = 1 / (.01 + .99 / (.67*2)) = 1 / 0.749 = 1.34
Intel has long suggested that a 30% overall speedup was the most improvement that could realistically be achieved. The 34% improvement shown here is more theoretical than real because no overhead is included and the code is 99% parallelized. So, Intel's projections are consistent with this formula.
Thanks to Clay and to Gang Chen.
1 comment:
Hi !
This article helped me a lot with my master thesis, and it it's correct with my measurements.
However, i would like the source for this statement, if you please :)
"Intel has long suggested that a 30% overall speedup was the most improvement that could realistically be achieved."
Best wishes,
Kudos
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